Compost is organic, rich in nutrients and greatly improves soil moisture – earning it immense popularity amongst gardeners worldwide. However, in Singapore, composting in a space-constrained HDB flat can seem challenging. Concerns over smells, pests and dirt can deter even the most ardent gardeners and eco-warriors.
However, if you currently do plenty of food prep at home, just a little effort can yield bountiful benefits from your composting project. To help you get started, here’s a beginner’s guide to composting in Singapore.
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Instead of being condemned to the landfill, vegetable peels and scraps can be composted.
Image credit: @communitycomposting
By composting, you can transform up to 60% of your total waste into useful nutrients for your plants – killing two birds with one stone.
For healthy growth, plants require a balance of carbon for strength and nitrogen for faster growth. As such, your compost bin should comprise equal parts of carbon-rich “browns” and nitrogen-rich “greens”.
Examples of “browns” include:
Examples of “greens” include:
To prevent pests and unpleasant smells, avoid adding these:
* “Greens” and “browns” are general terms and don’t always reflect the colour of the items.
While you can purchase sleek ready-made compost bins, modifying a used container will help reduce plastic waste.
Image credit: OXO
While there are several composting methods to choose from, all of them require a similar set of equipment: a watering can, a gardening fork or trowel, some potting soil, fertiliser and a bucket with a lid. For those who are already maintaining a garden, you’ll likely already have most, if not all of these.
Follow these steps to assemble your compost bin:
To speed up the composting process, place the bin in a warm, humid place and cut up the waste materials into smaller pieces. Using a gardening trowel, mix the compost pile once a week to help aerate the mixture to encourage decomposition.
Though it can seem gross, composting can be performed indoors without much mess.
Image credit: simply by christine
For considerate residents of HDBs and condominiums, it’s important to ensure that our composting setups are compact and don’t produce unpleasant odours. Aerobic composting, the method we’ve discussed above is the most unobtrusive method when well-aired and regularly mixed.
Nonetheless, vermicomposting and bokashi are modifications to the aerobic method that can speed up compost production and to improve its nutrient content with.
Image credit: Singapore Vermicomposting – Worm Composting
Not for the faint of heart, the key to vermicomposting is a wriggling bundle of worms. Icky as they are, these unsung heroes are incredibly beneficial to soil ecosystems, boosting nutrients manyfold while eliminating harmful parasites. Their tunnelling activities can also increase the speed of the composting process by up to two times.
To turn a standard compost bin into a dream home for our noodly friends, simply superglue fine mesh over the holes to prevent them from terrorising your neighbours. Following the same regimen as aerobic composting, your compost will be ready within 2 weeks. Simply put fresh food scraps on one side to entice the worms away as you harvest the compost on the other side.
Composting worms (from $50/200g) purchased from gardening supply shops can be expensive. Alternatively, you can get spare worms from fellow gardeners on these Facebook groups for little or no cost:
Compost ready in: 2 weeks
Bonus: Vermicomposting produces vermicast – worm poop. Known as “black gold”, these can be worth more than 10x regular compost due to its concentration of nutrients.
A full setup with bokashi bin, bokashi mix and compost bin (L to R) doesn’t need to take up a lot of space.
Image credit: @longfaceshorthair
Unlike traditional aerobic composting that rules out cooked food, meats and dairy, bokashi uses a microbe-rich mix to break it all down via fermentation. This further cuts down your food waste, and produces useful bokashi tea that can be used to fertilise plants, kill weeds, speed up composting, and even to clean and unclog your drains.
Bokashi is usually practised alongside regular composting, and can be done with a simple, small container in your kitchen. Ready-made options start from around $20, but you can choose to upcycle used containers – just ensure they are airtight and have a spout at its base.
To set up your bokashi bin:
Compost ready to use in: 1-2 months
Image credit: Gardening Know How
When your compost is ready for use in your plant pots, it will appear dark brown in colour – similar to that of potting soil. Just like soil, compost should smell earthy and not sour or unpleasant.
To harvest, use a 0.5cm sieve to filter out the large chunks, which can be used as starter compost for your next batch.
If you encounter any smells or pests while composting, try the following:
Organic waste makes up to 80% of our total refuse. For those of us who do food prep and have a garden at home, composting is a good step toward a #zerowaste lifestyle.
With tools you already have at home, you can give your fruit peels, vegetable off-cuts and packaging materials a new lease of life – as a nutrient-rich boost for your plant kids.
Check out our other articles to help you be more eco-friendly:
Cover image credit: Gardening Know How, simply by christine
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